[筹划] [预热]《蓝登书屋韦氏英汉大学词典》文本化专贴[20140728]

`absolute
adj.
1. 完全的:
an absolute correspondence between two parts / 两部分完全一致, 一模一样
2. 绝对的, 无限制的, 毫无例外的:
an absolute denial / 绝对的否定
3. 独立于任何专断的标准的, 绝对的（不是相对的）:
a search for absolute values / 绝对价值的追求
4. 十足的:
an absolute lie / 十足的谎言
5. 在行使行政权力方面无限制的, 不受宪法或国会约束的, 专制的, 独裁的:
an absolute monarch / 专制的君主
6. 肯定的:
absolute in opinion / 肯定的意见
5. 纯粹的, 无掺杂的
8. [语法]独立的
        a. 结构上相对独立:
                It being Sunday, the family went to church. / 由于是星期天, 全家去做礼拜. It being Sunday 是独立结构(absolute construction)
        b. 通常用作及物动词的词的后面无宾语:
                The solicitors for the community chest asked him to give. / 为团体公款募捐的人请他捐款. 其中 give 是独立动词（absolute verb）
        c. 形容词用作名词:
                The poor are always with us / 穷人总是支持我们. 其中poor 是独立形容词（absolute adjective）
9. [物理]绝对的
        a. 独立于任何任意的标准之外的; 独立于物质或体系的性质之外的:
                absolute humidity / 绝对湿度
        b. 属于某种单位制的, 如（基于某种基本单位的）厘米-克-秒制（尤指长度, 重量和时间单位）
        c. 其衡量基于绝对零度或某种绝对单位的:
                absolute temperature / 绝对温度
10. [教育]（属于完全以个人对某门学科的知识水平为基础的）绝对评分制度的. 比较 curve （释义 9.）
11. [数学]（在不等式中）表明对于变量的所有数值来说表达式是真的, 如对所有实数 X 来说，X↑2↑+1<0; 无条件的
12. 不受外界影响而能保持其存在、性质、大小、等的事物(与relative相反)
13. the absolute
        a. 不受任何条件或关系限制的事物
        b. (在黑格尔的著作中)与绝对精神相一致的世界进程
[ < 拉丁语 absolūt(us) (自由的, 不受限制的, 无条件的)（absolvere (解除，免除)的过去分词） = ab- AB- + solū（松）+过去分词后缀 -tus ]
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absoluteness {n.}
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同义词
释义 2. total, unconditional; categorical. ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED, UTTER 均意为"没有限制的". ABSOLUTE意味着“毫无疑问的结论似的言行”: an absolute coward 绝对的胆小鬼. UNQUALIFIED 意为“无保留的, 无条件的”: an unqualified success 彻底胜利. UTTER表示“全部, 整体”: an utter failure 完全失败
释义 6. unequivocal, definite, sure
释义 7. unadulterated, unmixed
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反义词
释义 2. qualified
释义 3. relative
释义 7. mixed

`absolute
Ⅰ
{a.}
1. 纯粹的；完全的:
tell the absolute truth / 说出全部事实真相
have absolute trust in sb. / 无保留地相信某人
do one's work with absolute precision / 一丝不苟地工作
2. 道地的，十足的:
an absolute fool / 十足的大笨蛋
3. 不受任何限制（或约束）的；转职独裁的:
enjoy absolute power / 享有无限权力
an absolute monarch / （不受宪法等约束的）专制君主
4. 不容置疑的；确实的:
have absolute proof / 拥有不可辩驳的证据
absolute facts / 确凿的事实
5. 绝对的:
absolute ownership / 绝对占有权
6. 基本的；终极性的:
absolute knowledge / 基本知识
7. [语]（短语）独立的（如:Dinner being over, we left the table 一句中的前半段）；（及物动词）不带特定宾语的（如 Please give freely 中的give）；（形容词、物主代词）不带被修饰语的，绝对形式的（如:The poor are always with us 及Your house is larger than his 中的poor 及 his ）:
an adjective in absolute use / 以绝对形式出现的形容词
8. （根据各别学生本人对知识的实际掌握、不与他人作比较的）绝对评分标准的
9. [物]绝对零度标定法
Ⅱ
{n.}
1. （其存在或特征不受制于外部条件的）绝对事物:
the collapse of moral absolutes / 绝对道德准则的解体
2. [the absolute 或 the Absolute][哲]绝对
3. [the Absolute]上帝
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absoluteness {n.}

ab&#8226;so&#8226;lute
[&#712;&#230;b s&#601;&#716;lut, &#716;&#230;b s&#601;&#712;lut]
adj.
1) being fully or perfectly as indicated; complete; perfect
2) free from restriction, limitation, or exception:
absolute power; absolute freedom
3) outright; unqualified:
an absolute lie; an absolute denial
4) gov unrestrained in the exercise of governmental power; not limited by laws or a constitution:
an absolute monarchy
5) viewed independently; not comparative or relative; ultimate:
absolute knowledge
6) positive; certain; definite:
absolute in opinion; absolute proof
7) not mixed or adulterated; pure
8) gram.
a) relatively independent syntactically in relation to other elements in a sentence, as the construction It being Sunday in
It being Sunday, I wasn't at work
b) (of a usu. transitive verb) used without an object, as give in
Please give generously
c) (of an adjective or possessive pronoun) used alone, with the noun that is modified understood but not expressed, as hungry in to feed the hungry or mine in
Take mine
9) Physics.
a) phs independent of arbitrary standards or of particular properties of substances or systems:
absolute humidity
b) phs pertaining to a system of units, as the centimeter-gram-second system, based on some primary units, esp. units of length, mass, and time
c) phs pertaining to a measurement based on an absolute zero or unit, as in the absolute temperature scale
10) math. Math. (of an inequality) indicating that the expression is true for all values of the variable, as x2+ 1 > 0 for all real numbers
x
11) something that is not dependent upon external conditions for existence or for its specific nature, size, etc
(opposed to relative).
12) the absolute
a) something that is free from any restriction or condition
b) something that is independent of some or all relations
c) something that is perfect or complete
&#8226;
Etymology:
1350–1400; ME < L absolūtus complete, finished, unqualified, ptp. of absolvere to release; see absolve
ab`so&#8226;lute′ness, n.

ab&#65381;so&#65381;lute ［&#509;bs&#601;lù&#720;t, –］
━adj.
1 完全な, 完全無欠の
an absolute correspondence between two parts
2つの部分の完全な符合
absolute precision
完璧（かんぺき）な正確さ.
2 純粋な, 混じり気のない; 〈アルコールが〉無水の：ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL.
3&#65375;程度などを強調して&#65376; 全くの, 純然たる，紛れもない
an absolute lie
真っ赤なうそ
an absolute coward
根っからの卑怯（ひきょう）者
an absolute loss
丸損
That's absolute nonsense!
全くのたわ言だ.
4 全面的な; 無制限の(unlimited), 無条件の; &#12312;法律&#12313; 〈権利&#65381;命令などが〉絶対的な, 全(面)的な; 無条件の
an absolute denial
全面的な否定
absolute ownership
全的所有権
absolute confidence in one's ability
自分の能力に対する絶対の自信
absolute freedom
無制限の自由
an absolute convert
無条件約款
an absolute deed
無条件譲渡証書
absolute liability
絶対［無過失］責任.
類 語
absolute 疑問の余地がないほど決定的であること.
unqualified 留保や条件をつけられないこと
an unqualified success
文句のつけようのない成功.
utter 一貫して例外のないこと, 徹頭徹尾
an utter failure
全くの失敗.
5 〈王権&#65381;ZFなどが〉絶対的な, 専制［独裁］的な，専横な
absolute power
絶対的な権力
an absolute ruler
専制的支配者
an absolute monarch
専制［絶対］君主.
6 (他との関係によらず)絶対的な(relative); 自己充足的な, それだけで完全な; 究極の(ultimate)
an absolute rule
(状況などに左右されない)絶対的な規則
God's absolute knowledge
神の絶対知
Truth is not an absolute thing.
真理は絶対的なものではない.
7 確固［厳然］たる(positive); 疑い［修正］の余地のない, 確実な
absolute evidence [or proof]
動かぬ［確たる］証拠
absolute in opinion
意見が確固とした.
8&#12312;文法&#12313;
1(構文上)独立の, 遊離した
absolute construction
独立［分詞］構文（◆It being Sunday, the family went to church. という文中の It being Sunday など. cf. ABSOLUTE INFINITIVE）
2〈他動詞が〉目的語なしに用いられる, 独立(用法)の（◆The charity asked him to give. という文中の give など）.
3〈形容詞が〉修飾すべき名詞を欠いた, 独立(用法)の（◆The poor are always with us.(貧乏な人はいつも我々の味方だ)という文中の poor など）.
4(発音上)連声（れんじょう）形(sandhi)でない（◆isn't に対する is not の not, they'll に対する they will の will など）.
5〈比較級&#65381;最上級が〉絶対的な.
9&#12312;物理&#12313; 絶対の; 絶対単位の; 絶対温度(目盛り)の
absolute zero of temperature
絶対零度.
10&#12312;教育&#12313; 絶対評価の：個人の成績を他との比較ではなく達成度によって評価することについていう. cf. CURVEn.10
The math department marks on an absolute scale.
数学科は絶対評価で採点する.
11&#12312;気象&#12313; 絶対の：一定期間内に記録された最高値または最低値についていう
absolute maximum temperature
絶対最高温度.
12&#12312;数学&#12313; 〈不等式が〉絶対の, 無条件の(unconditional)：あらゆる変数の値に対してその式が常に成り立つ場合についていう
an absolute inequality
絶対不等式. cf. CONDITIONAL 4.
13&#12312;コンピュータ&#12313; 絶対の(symbolic)：機械語で書かれ翻訳しなくてもよい
absolute coding
絶対コーディング
ABSOLUTE ADDRESS.
━━ n.
1 絶対的なもの(relative).
2&#65375;the absolute&#65376;
1いかなる制約&#65381;条件も受けないもの; あらゆる関係から独立しているもの.
2完全無欠のもの; 宇宙; 神.
3&#12312;ヘーゲル哲学&#12313; 絶対(者)：弁証法的に究極であること［もの］.
語 源c1380.中期英語＜ラテン語 absolūtus&#12312;absolvere「免除する(ABSOLVE)」の過去分詞&#12313;
ab&#65381;so&#65381;lute&#65381;ness n.

ab·so·lute  [ab-suh-loot, ab-suh-loot]  
adjective
1.
free from imperfection; complete; perfect: absolute liberty.
2.
not mixed or adulterated; pure: absolute alcohol.
3.
complete; outright: an absolute lie; an absolute denial.
4.
free from restriction or limitation; not limited in any way: absolute command; absolute freedom.
5.
unrestrained or unlimited by a constitution, counterbalancing group, etc., in the exercise of governmental power, especially when arbitrary or despotic: an absolute monarch.
6.
viewed independently; not comparative or relative; ultimate; intrinsic: absolute knowledge.
7.
positive; certain: absolute in opinion; absolute evidence.
8.
Grammar .
a.
relatively independent syntactically. The construction It being Sunday  in It being Sunday, the family went to church  is an absolute construction.
b.
(of a usually transitive verb) used without an object, as the verb give  in The charity asked him to give.
c.
(of an adjective) having its noun understood, not expressed, as poor  in The poor are always with us.
d.
characterizing the phonological form of a word or phrase occurring by itself, not influenced by surrounding forms, as not  in is not  (as opposed to isn't  ), or will  in they will  (as opposed to they'll  ). Compare sandhi.
9.
Physics.
a.
independent of arbitrary standards or of particular properties of substances or systems: absolute humidity.
b.
pertaining to a system of units, as the centimeter-gram-second system, based on some primary units, especially units of length, mass, and time.
c.
pertaining to a measurement based on an absolute zero or unit: absolute temperature.
10.
Education . noting or pertaining to the scale of a grading system based on an individual's performance considered as representing his or her knowledge of a given subject regardless of the performance of others in a group: The math department marks on an absolute scale.  Compare curve (  def 10 ) .
11.
Climatology . noting or pertaining to the highest or lowest value of a meteorological quantity recorded during a given, usually long, period of time: absolute maximum temperature.
12.
Mathematics . (of an inequality) indicating that the expression is true for all values of the variable, as x 2  + 1 > 0 for all real numbers x;  unconditional. Compare conditional (  def 6 ) .
13.
Computers. machine-specific and requiring no translation (opposed to symbolic ): absolute coding; absolute address.

noun
14.
something that is not dependent upon external conditions for existence or for its specific nature, size, etc. (opposed to relative ).
15.
the absolute.
a.
something that is free from any restriction or condition.
b.
something that is independent of some or all relations.
c.
something that is perfect or complete.
d.
(in Hegelianism) the world process operating in accordance with the absolute idea.
Origin:
1350–1400; Middle English  < Latin absolūtus  free, unrestricted, unconditioned (past participle of absolvere  to absolve), equivalent to ab- ab- + solū-  loosen + -tus  past participle suffix

Related forms
ab·so·lute·ness, noun
non·ab·so·lute, adjective, noun
non·ab·so·lute·ly, adverb
non·ab·so·lute·ness, noun
qua·si-ab·so·lute, adjective
qua·si-ab·so·lute·ly, adverb
sub·ab·so·lute, adjective

Synonyms
2. unadulterated, sheer, unqualified, undiluted, uncontaminated. 4. total, unconditional. Absolute, unqualified, utter all mean unmodified. Absolute implies an unquestionable finality: an absolute coward. Unqualified means without reservations or conditions: an unqualified success. Utter expresses totality or entirety: an utter failure. 5. autocratic, dictatorial, totalitarian. 6. categorical. 7. unequivocal, definite, sure.

Antonyms
1. imperfect, flawed. 2. mixed, diluted, contaminated. 4. qualified. 6. relative.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, &#169; Random House, Inc. 2014.