[索引] 《新牛津英汉双解大词典》专贴

出版社: 上海外语教育出版社; 第1版 (2013年3月1日)
外文书名: The New Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary Second Edition
平装: 2574页
语种： 简体中文, 英语
开本: 16
ISBN: 7544625672, 9787544625678
条形码: 9787544625678
商品尺寸: 28.6 x 22 x 8 cm
商品重量: 3.5 Kg

institutionalized        /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪzd/       
(亦作-ised)
adjective
1       
established in practice or custom制度化的, （做法或习俗）有确定地位的：
institutionalized religion
已成制度的宗教
the danger of discrimination becoming institutionalized.
歧视行为制度化的危险。
2       
of a person, especially a long-term patient or prisoner made apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution（人, 尤指久病或长期被监禁者）冷漠且无自立精神的。

institutionalized
(亦作-ised)
adjective
established in practice or custom
成为惯例的；成为习俗的
institutionalized religion.
已成习俗的宗教。
the danger of discrimination becoming institutionalized.
歧视行为成为习俗的危险。
(of a person, especially a long-term patient or prisoner) made apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution
（人，尤指久病的人或长期监禁的囚犯）冷漠且无自理能力的

institutionalize
(亦作-ise)
verb
[with obj.]
establish (something, typically a practice or activity) as a convention or norm in an organization or culture
使（某事，尤指实践、活动）成为惯常行为；使成为普遍标准
a system which institutionalizes bad behaviour.
使恶劣行为猖獗的体系。
(一般作be institutionalized)place or keep (someone) in a residential institution
把（人）安置于社区慈善机构

派生
institutionalization
noun

institutionalize        /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/       
(亦作-ise)
verb
with obj.
1       
establish something, typically a practice or activity as a convention or norm in an organization or culture使（某事, 尤指做法或活动）成为习俗或标准, 制度化：
a system which institutionalizes bad behaviour.
使恶劣行为制度化的体制。
2       
（一般作be institutionalized）place or keep someone in a residential institution使（人）入住收容机构。
派生词
institutionalizationnoun

institutionalize
(also institutionalise) verb [with obj]
1) establish (something, typically a practice or activity) as a convention or norm in an organization or culture
social justice was institutionalized by Quranic decrees | [as adj.] (institutionalized) institutionalized religion
2) place or keep (someone) in a residential institution
■ [as adj.] (institutionalized) (of a person) apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution
•
Derivatives:
institutionalization noun

institutionalize
[ˌinstiˈt(y)o͞oshənlˌīz]
in·sti·tu·tion·al·ize
v. [trans.]
1) establish (something, typically a practice or activity) as a convention or norm in an organization or culture
a system that institutionalizes bad behavior
2) usu. be institutionalized place or keep (someone) in a residential institution
these adolescents had more contacts with the police and were charged and institutionalized more often
•
Derivatives:
institutionalization [ˌinstiˌt(y)o͞oshənl-iˈzāshən] n.

institutionalize
in|sti|tu|tion|al|ize
verb [with obj.]
1) establish (something, typically a practice or activity) as a convention or norm in an organization or culture
he institutionalized the practice of collaborative research on a grand scale
(as adj. institutionalized)
institutionalized religion
2) place or keep (someone) in a residential institution
■ (as adj. institutionalized) (of a person) apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution (also institutionalise)
•
Derivatives:
institutionalization noun

institutionalize
[ˌinstiˈt(y)o͞oSHənlˌīz]
in·sti·tu·tion·al·ize
v.
1) establish (something, typically a practice or activity) as a convention or norm in an organization or culture
a system that institutionalizes bad behavior
2) (usu. be institutionalized) place or keep (someone) in a residential institution
these adolescents had more contacts with the police and were charged and institutionalized more often
[with obj.]
•
Derivatives:
institutionalization (in·sti·tu·tion·al·i·za·tion) [ˌinstiˌt(y)o͞oSHənl-iˈzāSHən]

Line breaks: in|sti|tu|tion|al|ize
Pronunciation: /ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)lʌɪz    /
(also institutionalise)
Definition of institutionalize in English:
VERB

[WITH OBJECT]
1Establish (something, typically a practice or activity) as a convention or norm in an organization or culture:
he institutionalized the practice of collaborative research on a grand scale
(as adjective institutionalized) institutionalized religion

2Place or keep (someone) in a residential institution:
he was institutionalized in a school for the destitute

2.1 (as adjective institutionalized) (Of a person) apathetic and dependent after a long period in an institution:
I became less institutionalized, more able to function as an individual

as in fact the content now came from another Oxford dictionary, the Oxford American College Dictionary.

【感想】《牛津大学词典》比NOAD“精”在哪（内详）

时间有限，只对比了《牛津大学词典》第一页

以下是NOAD2比《牛津大学词典》多出来的内容


A(2)   Brit ,informal A level.

a      Middle English :weak form of Old English an one

a-1    from Greek

a-2    Old English,unstressed form of ON.

a-4    corresponding to Old French e-,es-

-a(1)  representing a Greek,Latin,or Romance feminine singular.

-a(3)  representing a casual pronunciation.

A3    解释共三行

A4    解释共三行

A5    解释共三行

aa      mid 19 th cent : from Hawaiian a-a

Aachen    an industrial city and spa

AAD       aaar. Analog analog digital,indicating that a musical recording
          was  made and mastered in analog form before stored digitally.

Aalborg   an industrial city and port

Aardvark  orycteropus afer,the only living member of the family orycteropidae
          and order tubulidentata.
         Late 18th  cent :from South African Dutch ,from aarde earth +vark pig.

aardwolf    mid 19th  cent : from South African Dutch ,from aarde earth
            +wolf wolf

aargh       late 18th cent :imitative,lengthened form of AH,to express a
            prolonged cry.

Aaron’s beard    a name given to various plants,esp.the ROSE OF SHARON
                 (sense 2)
             Early 19th cent:alluding to AARON,whose beard “went down to
             the skirts of his garments”(Psalms 133:2),because of the
             prominent hairy staments or the long runners that some of these
             plants put out.

Aaron’s rod    another term for the great or common mullein
                 Mid 18th cent: alluding to AARON.whose staff was said to
                have flowered(Numbers 17:8)

AAUP         American Association of University Presses
             American Association of University Professors

AAVE     linguistics African American Vernacular English.

AB(1)     in bolld transfusion ,a person with blood of group is a potential
          universal recipient.

AB(2)   from Latin Artium Baccalaureus

Ab1     from hebrew  ab.

Ab-     from Latin

abaca   mid 18th cent: via spanish from tagalog abaka

aback   1,the little strip of pasture abck of the house.
        Old English on baec.long written as two words,the term came to be
        treated as a single world in nautical use.
        PHRASE. He was taken aback by the sharpness in her voice.

abacus   late Middle English (denoting a board strewn with sand on which to
          draw figures):from Latin,from Greek abax,abak- slab drawing board ,
         of semitic origin;probably related to hebrew abaq dust.

Abadan  a major port and oil-refining center on an island of the same name on
        the shatt al-arab waterway in western iran

Abaddon  late middle english:via greek from hebrew abaddon destruction.Its
         use for hell arose in the late 17 th cent.

abaft   the yacht has a shower just abft the galley
         Middle English(in the sense backward):from A-2(expressing motion)
         +archaic abaft in the rear.

Abalone  Genus haliotis,family haliotidae.class gastropda.
         Mid 19 th cent :via Latin American Spanish from aulun,from an
         American Indian language of Monterey Bay ,California.        

abandon v.1,  he had clearly abandoned all pretense of trying to succeed.See
              not at RELINGQUISH
          2,  against the background of preceived threats,the tour was
               abandoned.
              Derelict houses were abandoned.
             It was an attempt to persuade businesses not to abandon the
              area to inner-city deprivation.
          3, abandoning herself to moony fantasies.
           n, she sings and sways with total abandon.
             Late middle english: from old french abandoner,from a-(from latin
             ad to at)+bandon control,based on late latin bannus,bannum(see
             BAN 1),The original sense was bring under control ,later give in'
             to the control of ,surrender to (sense 3)

Abandoned  1,a home for orphan and abandoned boys
           2,an abandoned jeep stood in the street
           3,a wild,abandoned dance.

Abase     I watched my colleagues abasing themselves before the board of
          trustees.See note at HUMBLE.
         Late middle english:from old french abaissier,from a-(from latin ad
          to at)+baissier to lower,based on late latin bassus short of
          stature. The spelling has been influenced by BASE2 .

Abash    she was not abashed at being caught.
         Middle english english : from Anglo-Norman French abaiss-;compare
         with Old French esbaiss-,lengthened stem of eabair,from es- utterly
         +bair astound.

Abate   the storm suddenly abated ,see note at ALLEVIATE.
        nothing abated his crusading zeal.
       Middle English (in the legal sense  put a stop to (a nuisance)):from
       Old French abatre to fell,from a-(from latin ad to at )+batre to beat
       (from latin battere,battuere to beat)

Abatement  noise abatement/an abatement in the purchase price.
           Middle English:from Anglo-Norman French,from Old French abatre
           fell ,put an end to(see ABATE)

1.3        <Linguistics> of a sentence, phrase, or other linguistic unit judged by a native speaker to conform to the rules of Grammar of a particular language【语言学】（句子、短语或其他语言单位）合乎语法规则的。

       
as modifier denoting an item of clothing for a woman or girl that is designed to be loose-fitting or slightly oversized（女性服装）宽松的; 稍稍肥大的：a boyfriend cardigan.宽松的女式开襟毛线衣

prehistory
–noun
1. &#9658;[mass noun] the period of time before written records（有文字记载以前的）史前史，史前阶段 &#187;myths that stretch back into prehistory. 追溯到史前阶段的神话。
&#9658;  the events or conditions leading up to a particular occurrence or phenomenon（事件，现象）背景，历史背景 &#187;the prehistory of capitalism. 资本主义的历史背景。
2. Prehistory is traditionally divided into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, on the basis of the material used for weapons and tools. The sequence is neither a guide to absolute dates nor an essential evolutionary sequence, since not all its stages are represented in all parts of the world, and there is often a considerable time lag between the first appearance of metal artefacts and a fully developed metalworking technology in an area

prehistory        /&#716;pri&#720;h&#618;st&#601;r&#618;/       
noun
mass noun
1       
the period of time before written records（有文字记载以前的）史前史, 史前阶段：myths that stretch back into prehistory.追溯到史前阶段的神话。
1.1        the events or conditions leading up to a particular occurrence or phenomenon（事件, 现象）背景, 历史背景：the prehistory of capitalism.资本主义的历史背景。