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[词典讨论] competency/competence@ode

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    发表于 2016-5-29 15:21:15 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
    ODE查不到competency,但是可以查到competence,而且词条下给出了,又作competency.

    http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/competency
    http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/competence

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    发表于 2016-5-29 15:51:28 | 只看该作者
    本帖最后由 lxchen2001 于 2016-5-29 17:12 编辑

    https://www.oxforddictionaries.c ... etence?q=competency

    competence是正规拼写?
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    发表于 2016-5-29 15:59:34 | 只看该作者
    估计是 A 大抓取的时候没抓这一部分吧,ode 2015 能查到 competency

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    这个估计是网站最近的变化所致,2015年可能可以查到,但是现在查不到了,所以会有这个结果。  发表于 2016-5-29 16:48

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    发表于 2016-5-29 17:12:53 | 只看该作者
    vocabulary.com上面倒是有个区别:

    The words competence and competency are sometimes used interchangeably, although competence is better when describing the quality of being well qualified. Competency is more appropriate in a legal sense, referring to the ability of a person to make decisions or stand trial.
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     楼主| 发表于 2016-5-29 17:51:35 | 只看该作者
    lxchen2001 发表于 2016-5-29 17:12
    vocabulary.com上面倒是有个区别:

    The words competence and competency are sometimes used interchan ...

    多谢提供信息:

    再补充一点儿,competency多指资格和技能:
    https://www.vocabulary.com/dicti ... y?family=Competency
    Competency means "capability." Although we use it to mean someone has a sufficient qualification, it comes from the word compete, meaning that someone with competency is good enough to compete with other candidates. If you pass the medical board exams, then you have medical competency. Most jobs require that you show competency, either through certification, or on-the-job performance. If you keep faking injuries to get out of saving people, someone will eventually question your competency as a lifeguard.

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    发表于 2016-5-29 18:26:48 | 只看该作者
    elusty 发表于 2016-5-29 17:51
    多谢提供信息:

    再补充一点儿,competency多指资格和技能:

    前幾天老師上課就講到 competency,我還懵逼了半天…後來查了詞典才明白什麽意思。

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    哈哈,自己学到的东西记得最牢靠。我对ODE非常依赖,感到直接查不到这个词有点儿遗憾。  发表于 2016-5-29 20:54

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    发表于 2016-5-29 21:00:31 | 只看该作者
    woaini123 发表于 2016-5-29 15:59
    估计是 A 大抓取的时候没抓这一部分吧,ode 2015 能查到 competency

    新牛津英漢雙解第二版收了 competence,但未收 competency
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    发表于 2016-5-30 15:16:00 | 只看该作者
    WBD、RHUD、W3都说competency=competence,SOED里未废弃义项也说competency=competence。
    只有CED和Vocabulary.com提到法律意义上这点区别,这会不会有点没区别也要强行区别的嫌疑
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     楼主| 发表于 2016-5-30 15:38:59 | 只看该作者
    这些词,英美人比较起来都困难。

    这里给出的详细的比较:
    http://www.yourarticlelibrary.co ... with-diagram/40696/
    简单来说:
    competency=competence + commitment
    competency侧重于行为;competence侧重于技能。
    ****
    It becomes clear from above Table 11.1 that competence describes what people can do while competency focuses on how they do it. In other words, the former means a skill and the standard of performance reached, while the latter refers to the behaviour by which it is achieved.
    ****

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    发表于 2016-5-30 18:20:05 | 只看该作者
    competence, competency
          Copperud 1970, 1980 finds the two forms interchangeable in American usage, with competence the predominant form. Fowler 1926 also says the forms are interchangeable, a statement repeated by Gowers in Fowler 1965, with the additional observation that competency is preferred (in British usage) for the sense "a sufficiency of means for life" and competence for the rest. Gowers may be right, but his observation is not substantiated by our evidence nor by the treatment given the words in Longman 1984, a contemporary British dictionary. The "sufficiency of means" sense, which is not especially common, is perhaps more evenly divided between the two variants than other senses:
          ... their pockets were well lined, for without a considerable competence, a man could not be a Senator at all —Times Literary Supp., 22 Oct. 1971
          Having acquired a competency there, he returned to England —Australian Dictionary of Biography, 1967
          ... and retired with an ample competence in 1868 —Dictionary of American Biography, 1929
          He remained in business with his three brothers ... only until he had acquired a competency —Dictionary of American Biography, 1929
          Longman 1984 calls this sense formal, and the sources quoted suggest that it is not especially likely to be met with in everyday conversation.
          The variants are not quite as interchangeable as the usage writers would suggest, and dictionaries seldom have the space to spell out preferences in much detail. We can tell you that competence is much more frequently used in general than competency; competence seems to be the only form used in the linguistic sense (where it contrasts with performance); and competency seems to be most frequently used in the fields of education and law. Mitchell 1979 has noticed the educational use: "Thus the school people have changed 'competence' to 'competency,' gaining thereby some small increase in self-esteem and a twenty-five percent increase in syllables...." Mr. Mitchell's years of teaching presumably make him competent to speak to educators' self-esteem, but his apparent suggestion that competency is a neologism is as faulty as his arithmetic. Competency is not the creation of school people; it has been around since the end of the 16th century, and though its use in general is dwindling, it can still be met in literary works—generally older ones—as well as in journals and columns devoted to specialized and technical subjects:
          ... with a decent competency of onion sauce — Washington Irving, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," 1820
          ... had the thrift to remove a modest competency of the gold —Ambrose Bierce, In The Midst of Life, 1891
          Powell could not defend himself from some sympathy for that thick, bald man ... who was so tactfully ready to take his competency for granted —Joseph Conrad, Chance, 1913
          Educational use in our files tends to be plural— "skills, knowledge, and competencies"—or attributive, as in "minimum competency requirements" or "competency testing." Since many of the attributive uses refer to state laws or requirements, one suspects an overlay of legal usage upon the educational.

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    谢谢提供信息,总之,就是competency比competence雅一些。  发表于 2016-5-30 18:38

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    发表于 2016-5-30 18:48:25 | 只看该作者
    eeshu 发表于 2016-5-30 18:20
    competence, competency
          Copperud 1970, 1980 finds the two forms interchangeable in American us ...

    是的,有时候母语人士也不一定能统一认识,毕竟用英语者数以亿计。而且事易时移,有些变化悄然无息,能懂个大概就很好了。呵呵呵。