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发表于 2017-11-3 10:09:12
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本帖最后由 Serica 于 2017-11-3 10:14 编辑
先以breach一词为例。
COBUILD:
If you breach an agreement, a law, or a promise, you break it.
朗文当代:
to break a law, rule, or agreement
牛津高阶第八版:
to not keep to an agreement or not keep a promise
韦氏高阶:
to fail to do what is required by (something, such as a law or agreement) : to break or violate (something)
ODE:
break or fail to observe (a law, agreement, or code of conduct)
韦氏大学词典:
break, violate
韦氏新世界大学词典:
to break or violate (a contract, covenant, etc.)
点评:1.COBUILD的整句释义的卖点实际上过誉了。所谓的将搭配揉进释义,也是多此一举。因为正常的词典在释义时已经点明了搭配模式了。比如朗文的break a law, rule, or agreement,已经指明了breach是与law rule agreement搭配了,另外还点明了breach与break是近义词。
2.对于朗文和牛津的这种释义,我觉得也有欠妥当的地方。朗文的应该修改为:break (a law, rule, or agreement)为好。因为与breach较为等值的是break,而不是break a law, rule, or agreement这个完整的动宾搭配。如果有一个不及物动词其意义为break a law, rule, or agreement,那么就不用加括号了。
3.再说利用释义学刁。我们通过释义学到乜东西呢?一是单词的含义,二是单词的近义词、反义词或上下义词,三是搭配模式。从举得例子来看,我最钟意的是ODE和韦氏新世界大学词典(仅就例子而言,至于总体来来看我最钟意**词典,有机会日后发帖讨论)。
4.查词时有必要多参考几部词典。通过以上几个释义我能学到:breach的近义词break violate, 反义词keep observe,搭配:law , rule ,agreement, contract, covenant, promise, code of conduct(可见表示约定含义的皆可与之搭配)
5.欢迎大家讨论。 |
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