韦氏新世界大学词典义项缺失问题探讨

Serica · 发表于 2017-11-15 20:02:48

本帖最后由 kyletruman 于 2018-3-26 21:26 编辑

这几天用韦氏新世界大学词典比较多，奔着美联社官方案头词典的名号试用了几天。总体感觉，是一部好词典，主要缺点在于例句太少，以及义项缺失。今天主要探讨义项缺失问题。
先看develop一词。
I to cause to grow gradually in some way
1. to build up or expand (a business, industry, etc.)
2. to make stronger or more effective; strengthen (muscles)
3. to bring (something latent or hypothetical) into activity or reality
4. to cause (one's personality, a bud, etc.) to unfold or evolve gradually
5. to make (housing, highways, etc.) more available or extensive
6. Chess to position (chessmen or a chessman) strategically in the early stages of a game
7. Music to elaborate (a theme) as by rhythmic or melodic changes
8. Photog.
   a) to immerse (an exposed film, plate, or printing paper) in various chemical solutions in order to make the picture visible
   b) to make (a picture) visible by doing this
   II to show or work out by degrees
1. to make (a theme or plot) known gradually
2. to explain more clearly; enlarge upon
3. Geom. to change the form of (a surface); esp., to flatten out (a curved surface)
4. Math. to work out in detail or expand (a function or expression)
  vi.
1. to come into being or activity; occur or happen
2. to become larger, fuller, better, etc.; grow or evolve, esp. by natural processes
3. ☆ to become known or apparent; be disclosed
4. to progress economically, socially, and politically from an underdeveloped condition [the developing nations]

develop有养成刁惯这一条义项以及研发新产品这一义项，在释义中并不明显。

spearonsquare · 发表于 2017-11-16 10:45:44

研发应该是这一解释：to bring (something latent or hypothetical) into activity or reality
养成**惯，应该是：to cause to grow gradually in some way
不是特别明显，这个词典的确很简明。

Serica · 发表于 2017-11-17 14:14:17

本帖最后由 Serica 于 2017-11-17 14:17 编辑

再举一个例子：
risk
1. the chance of injury, damage, or loss; dangerous chance; hazard
2. Insurance
a) the chance of loss
b) the degree of probability of loss
c) the amount of possible loss to the insuring company
d) a person or thing with reference to the risk involved in providing insurance
e) the type of loss that a policy covers, as fire, storm, etc.

缺乏“a person or thing regarded as a threat to something in need of protection”这一层义项。

spearonsquare · 发表于 2017-11-17 16:21:45

本帖最后由 spearonsquare 于 2017-11-17 16:24 编辑

楼主看得细，学**了。
这个，好像是英国词典和美国词典的一个传统区别。
美国传统，World Book dictionary, Random house, 麦考里，都没有收录这个义项，这些都以参考了韦氏词典吧。
牛津高阶第四版也没有收录这个义项。

Serica · 发表于 2017-11-17 20:09:51

spearonsquare 发表于 2017-11-17 16:21
楼主看得细，学**了。
这个，好像是英国词典和美国词典的一个传统区别。
美国传统，World Book dictionary, ...

删减义项最厉害的是简明牛津第十版及其之后版本。韦氏新世界大学词典也删减了一些。关于简明牛津的义项删减问题，可以参考我另外一个帖子。

[词典校勘] 韦氏新世界大学词典义项缺失问题探讨