if从句一般现在时，主句是现在过去完成时，怎么理解呢

enti · 发表于 2018-7-23 16:19:51

经济学人 <The world trading system is under attack> 中的一句话有点困惑，这是虚拟语气么？怎么理解这句话的意思呢？

And since 1995, if one member suspects another of rule-breaking, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

yangxiups · 发表于 2018-7-24 11:55:51

they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

这是使役动词后接宾补的情况，heard是动词的过去分词作宾补，
they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.
主语助动词使役动词宾语宾补补充说明听证会的具体情况

fellboy · 发表于 2018-7-23 16:33:49

本帖最后由 fellboy 于 2018-7-23 16:37 编辑

if one member suspects another of rule-breaking 在这儿可以理解为一个状语从句插入语。就像 if you like; as I know it... 一样。
所以句子也就成了：And since 1995, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges. ^ ^

enti · 发表于 2018-7-23 17:03:08

啊，明白了，非常感谢

leeson0219 · 发表于 2018-7-23 17:28:06

应该不是虚拟语气，也不是”现在过去完成时"（有这种时态？i'm not sure)“，句子的意思很好理解，强调的是过去的一种事实、实际情况，所以if从句用一般现在时，主句用现在完成时。（本人臆测，不知语法书上是怎么解释的，不作参考）

enti · 发表于 2018-7-23 18:32:52

是了， have had 是现在完成时， heard应该不是动词，是我搞错了

Engdict · 发表于 2018-7-24 14:20:52

yangxiups 发表于 2018-7-24 11:55
they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges.

这是使役动词后接宾补的情况，heard是动 ...

完全同意你的分析。

enti · 发表于 2018-7-24 17:29:42

感谢各位大大

由此也知道了 if 条件句中的zero conditional, 可以用 when(whenever) 来替换 if.

因为把它看成一个事实，所以条件句和主句都用一般现在时。

我简单摘抄一下原文

例句：If you heat ice, it melts.

“Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. ”

“ The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result. ”

And since 1995, if one member suspects another of rule-breaking, they have had the case heard by the WTO’s panel of judges. 然后可能是因为since，所以这里用现在完成时而不是一般现在时

[语言求助] if从句一般现在时，主句是现在过去完成时， 怎么理解呢

[语言求助] if从句一般现在时，主句是现在过去完成时，怎么理解呢