[语言讨论] 关于鸦片战争的解释，牛津、柯林斯、兰登书屋

Opium Wars
PROPER NOUN
Two wars in which China was involved, regarding the question of commercial rights.

The first war, between Britain and China (1839–42), followed China's attempt to prohibit the illegal importation of opium from British India into China. The second, involving Britain and France against China (1856–60), followed Chinese restrictions on foreign trade. Defeat of the Chinese resulted in the ceding of Hong Kong to Britain and the opening of five ‘treaty ports’ to traders

Opium Wars
plural noun
two wars (1839–42; 1856–60) between China and Britain resulting from the Chinese refusal to allow the importation of opium from India. China ceded Hong Kong after the British victory in 1842. The British and French victory in the second war established free trade in Chinese ports and the legalization of the opium trade

Opium War
noun
a war between Great Britain and China that began in 1839 as a conflict over the opium trade and ended in 1842 with the Chinese cession of Hong Kong to the British, the opening of five Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges in the Treaty of Nanking.

Opium Wars
two wars in China involving invasion by western countries over trade issues
鸦片战争。
That between Britain and China (1839-42) followed China's attempt to prohibit the illegal importation of opium from British India into China. The second, involving Britain and France against China (1856-60), followed Chinese restrictions on foreign trade. Defeat of the Chinese resulted in the ceding of Hong Kong to Britain and the opening of five 'treaty ports' to traders.