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本帖最后由 klwo2 于 2019-5-10 20:58 编辑
近还是远,不正是很多译者纠结的问题嘛?我的意见是:站在海岸那里仍然能看见,但是很远。(如果站在海岸那里看不见,就没法用介词表达位置关系,所以介词本身说明是可及的)
towards 表达位置关系的时候有两个意思,要么「接近/near」,要么「面向/facing」。如果是时间关系,只能是「接近/near」,因为不存在某个时间跟某个时间相对一说。
我的看法是,「接近/near」位置关系,往往暗含动态或者特殊的小方位,如果是静态的,应该理解成「面向/facing」。下面看例句
柯林斯:
The home of the Morgan family was up Gloucester Road, towards the top of the hill.
摩根家族的住宅在格洛斯特路接近山顶的地方。
The most popular items are located toward the back of the store.
最受欢迎的产品放在靠近商店最里面的地方。
山顶是特殊的小方位,locate是动词,是动态的,是「接近/near」
AHD:
背部对着我,这里没有动态,是「面向/facing」
World Book:
to lie with one’s face toward the wall.
脸对着墙,这里没有动态,是「面向/facing」。
朗文:
near a particular place
Uncle Dick and Aunt Mavis live at High Burnton out towards the coast.
迪克叔叔和梅维丝婶婶住在海本顿靠近海边的地方。
动词live,是「接近/near」
W3的例句值得好好看看:
a. : at a point in the direction of : near
< took a cottage somewhere up toward the Cape >
< out toward the blue-black ocean — William Beebe >
b. : in such a position as to face : presented to : facing
< pass the knife with the handle toward the diner >
< his back was toward me >
< lower left with face toward camera — New York Times >
< with its northern outlook toward the … Mountains — American Guide Series: New Hampshire >
< took a cottage somewhere up toward the Cape >这句没有问题,take是动词,是「接近/near」;< out toward the blue-black ocean — William Beebe >有点问题,看原文:
And then I look ahead, out toward the blue-black ocean, and up again to the passing gulls, and the old, yet ever new thrill of travel, of exploration, possesses me.
原来有个动词look!所以也是「接近/near」
下面4句话,刀柄、背部、脸、北面都是静态的,所以是「面向/facing」
下面看英汉大词典,问题最多:
接近,将近;大约:
The beach was golden towards sundown.太阳快落山时海滩一片金黄色。
a cottage somewhere up towards the lake离湖不远的一座农舍a tendency towards inflation通货膨胀的倾向 There are towards six hundred persons.大约有600人。
先看第二句,第二句明显是W3的例句改的,可是省了动词,这……
第一句是「时间」,只能是「接近/near」,三、四句不表达位置。
很奇怪,一般英英词典在这个词条都强调区分位置、时间,英汉大词典偏不分,一个「接近」就打发了……
回到楼主的句子,船是静态的,应该理解成「面向/facing」。
话说我没看过老人与海,中文英文都没看过,不过楼主这段话后面还有一节:
The sun was two hours higher now and it did not hurt his eyes so much to look into the east. There were only three boats in sight now and they showed very low and far inshore.
两个小时过去了,太阳升得更高了,朝东望去,眼睛没有刺痛得那么厉害。现在只能看见三艘船,它们显得很低,靠近海岸。
海明威把这话又写了一遍!!!!呵呵呵!!!
人家写了far,总不能说是「靠近」了吧?
唯一能产生误会的是:inshore
AHD:
1. Close to a shore.
2. Toward or coming toward a shore
所以还是:站在海岸那里仍然能看见(还在近海),但是很远。
余光中版:
太阳已经升上来两小时,向东方眺望,也不那么刺眼了。此刻但见三点小船,紧贴水面,而且远在靠岸的那边。
李继宏译本:
李继宏愣是把「远」和「靠近」揉在了一起,不容易啊
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