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本帖最后由 klwo2 于 2019-5-22 01:49 编辑
「the end of the world」一语,按词典上的说法,指的是时间上的「世界末日」,新牛津:
the end of the world
1 the termination of life on the earth
世界末日。
1.1 informal a complete disaster
〈非正式〉灭顶之灾:
it's not the end of the world if we draw.
即使我们打成平局也并不意味着世界末日的降临。
Vocabulary.com:
1n an unpleasant or disastrous destiny
that's unfortunate but it isn't the end of the world
2n (New Testament) day at the end of time following Armageddon when God will decree the fates of all individual humans according to the good and evil of their earthly lives
可见,一般不能理解成「世界的尽头」,除非有特定语境:
Random House Webster's Unabridged:
4. the furthermost imaginable place or point: an island at the very end of the world.
这里very 还起了点作用。
牛津高阶把end of the world 跟 end of the earth 排在一起:
(not) the ,end of the `world
(not) completely disastrous for sb 对某人(不)是天大的灾难:
You must realize that failing one exam is not the end of the world. 你要明白, 一次不及格不是大不了的事.
(go to) the ,ends of the `earth
(go to) the most remote parts of the world (去)天涯海角:
(fig 比喻) I'd go to the ends of the earth to see her again. 哪怕走遍天涯海角, 我也要再次见到她.
OED说:
The extremity or outermost part (in any direction) of a portion of space, or of anything extended in space; utmost limit. Obs. in general sense; retained in phrase, the ends of the earth.
可见,ends of the earth 对应「天涯海角」,没错。是说英语的人认可的。end of the world 一般是「世界末日」,是众多辞书认可的。
问题来了,「天涯」怎么办呢?49年以后的第一本中国大陆汉英词典,北外《汉英词典》开了一个不好的先河,拿end of the world 对应「天涯」,ends of the earth 对应「天涯海角」:
这么做的原因,我猜,大概是……「天」对应earth不太好?可是「海」也不对应earth呀。汉语里头,「天涯」「海角」「地角」本来都是一回事,为什么要用容易引起误会的「the end of the world」来翻呢?
《辞书研究》2000年第05期《莫把末日作天涯》就讲了这个问题,不宜把「the end of the world」的语境意义放到汉英词典里面
莫把末日作天涯.pdf
(3.58 MB, 下载次数: 7)
不过我关心的是另一个问题,有哪些汉英词典 原封不动 地抄了这个处理方式呢?
首先,汉英词典(第3版)并没有改掉:
天涯:end of the world; the remotest corner of the earth
天涯海角:ends of the earth; remotest corners of the earth
吴光华《汉英大词典》(第3版):
天涯:end of the world; the remotest corner of the earth
天涯海角:remotest corners of the earth; ends of the earth……(后面还有一堆)
新时代汉英大词典(第2版):
天涯:the end of the world; the remotest/farthest place on earth
天涯海角:the end of the earth; the remotest/farthest corners of the earth
新世纪汉英大词典(第2版):
天涯:end of the world; the remotest corner of the earth
天涯海角:far away places; remotest corners of the world; ends of the earth
现代汉语词典(汉英双语):
天涯:end of the world; the remotest corner of the earth
天涯海角:ends of the earth; remotest corners of the earth; far apart
我靠!!!不管我买哪本汉英词典,都跳不出这个坑吗!!哪怕是最最最——新新新——出版的新世纪新时代新未来新人类新纪元新……汉英词典都是陈陈相因这个德行吗!!
偶尔有那么一两本是没有问题的:
外研社·现代汉英词典:
天涯
the world’s end; the remotest corner of the earth
~海角 the ends of the earth; the remotest corners of the earth
world’s end 没有问题,可以表达「天涯海角」,新牛津:
world's end /ˌwəːldz ˈɛnd/
(also worlds end, warlt's end)
noun
1 The end or destruction of the world or of life on earth, specifically the Day of Judgement. Occasionally attributive Compare world-end.
to the world's end and variants: as long as human life shall last, until the end of time..
2 The farthest limit of the earth; (chiefly used hyperbolically, especially) the farthest attainable point of travel; (also) a very remote or out-of-the way place. Occasionally attributive Compare world-end, the ends (also end) of (the) earth.
world’s end 这个短语既能表达「世界末日」,又常常能表达「世界的尽头」。很完美。(新牛津这么好用,大家都去备一本啊!)
剩下的似乎只能靠「非中国大陆」的汉英词典了:
林语堂当代汉英词典:
天涯 [tian1ya2], n., the limits of the earth: 天涯海角 the four corners of the earth.
1912翟理斯華英字典:
the horizons; the uttermost ends of the earth. 天涯
麥氏漢英大辭典:
天涯:the horizon
天涯地角:the ends of the earth
ABC汉英:
话说这几本的译文都不相同,跟上面那几个陈陈相因的大相径庭,可见上面的就是「抄袭了北外汉英词典」而已。
最后补说一下梁实秋的汉英词典。梁实秋最早的《最新实用汉英词典》只收了:
天边海角:the corners of the earth -- faraway or distant places
天涯海角:faraway, distant or remote places
并没有收「天涯」这个词。
可是后来出版的《远东汉英大辞典》就有了「天涯」,出现了「the end of the world」!!
呵呵!!
叫我想起这个:
一九七一年台灣遠東圖書公司的《最新實用漢英詞典》,梁實秋主編……可惜一九九二年竟被《遠東漢英大詞典》取代。新詞典主編張芳杰,……說是據梁本「擴充」而成,照理應該很不錯,但所謂「擴充」,原來多是抄襲北京外國語學院的《漢英辭典》;不是抄襲的部分,則連文法都有錯誤,還把售價大幅提高,可謂狗尾續貂。
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