[词典讨论] 把entail的意思解释清楚的词典

involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence

需要 xūyào

〔名〕对事物的要求。

我们要了解群众的～｜应该适应形势发展的～｜既要顾到～，也要顾到可能
〔动〕1. 要求得到；必须有。可带名词宾语。可受程度副词修饰。

他～一本词典｜这儿正～你｜我一样东西也不～｜这本书我非常～｜目前工地上很～水泥
2. 应该，必须。可带动词、形容词、小句作宾语。用法类似助动词。可构成兼语句。

我们～研究一下才能决定｜这里也～有人照应｜速度～再快一点｜在这紧急关头，特别～冷静｜这件事～老张去办一下｜我亲自去一次，你看～不～？

Entail means what something involves. "The job entailed us standing in the snow for hours dressed as giant, human hot dogs. It entailed far too much humiliation to justify the $3.55 an hour we were paid."
The word entail is connected to the idea of preconditions. If you want something, you better figure out what it entails. If we want to see the movie at 9 o'clock, that will entail us waiting in the lobby another hour. If we want to stay out of trouble with our moms, that will entail us calling them and letting them know we're going to be later than we said.

involve 与 entail

两者意义相近（“涉及”，基本上属表示事物关系的第一类动词），都是书面英语中很常用的动词，但是有细微的差别。entail 指某种必然的“由因及果”或“有甲必然有乙”的关系，involve 则指比较松散的、不一定是因果也不一定“有甲必然有乙”的关系。

Expanding the police force would entail raising taxes. 扩大警力，就要牵涉到增税（这里的 entail 表示必然的后果或必要条件，改为 involve 就不合适）。
A successful sales campaign usually involves the distribution of samples. 要进行成功的促销活动，往往需要分送样品。
这里促销和分送样品之间并没有必然的条件关系，改为 entail 就不合适。此外，由于 entail 带有必然性，所以如果说 necessarily entail，这里的 necessarily 就是多余。如果说 usually entail，有人认为这是自相矛盾，但也可以认为 usually 是对 entail 的“必然”意义的一种减弱。

NOTE 辨析 Involve or entail?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用

The job involves / entails a lot of hard work.
这工作需要付出大量艰苦的努力。

to involve / entail answering questions / driving a long distance / loss / rejection / destruction / cost / risk
包括回答一些问题；需要长途驾驶；造成损失；遭到拒绝；造成破坏；产生费用；包含风险


However, a problem might involve an aspect, such as drugs or violence, that is not necessary to achieve sth, but defines the nature of the problem. Entail cannot be used in this way.
不过，involve可指问题涉及某一方面，如跟drug或violence搭配，这界定了问题的性质，而非问题的成因。
entail没有这种用法
Many of the crimes entailed drugs/violence.