[词典考据] eclectic = 折衷？？

n. (哲学、科学、艺术等方面的)折中主义者；兼收并蓄的人(或学说)

selecting what appears to be best or true in various and diverse doctrines or methods : rejecting a single, unitary, and exclusive interpretation, doctrine, or method : of or relating to eclecticism : selective

Philosophy Denoting or belonging to a class of ancient philosophers who did not belong to or found any recognized school of thought but selected doctrines from various schools of thought.

3. not following any one system, as of philosophy, medicine, etc., but selecting and using what are considered the best elements of all systems.
4. noting or pertaining to works of architecture, decoration, landscaping, etc., produced by a certain person or during a certain period, that derive from a wide range of historic styles, the style in each instance often being chosen for its fancied appropriateness to local tradition, local geography, the purpose to be served, or the cultural background of the client.

That borrows freely or is derived from various sources or systems; broad rather than exclusive in matters of opinion, taste, etc.

調和太過與不及，使之得當合理。

折衷
同“折中①”。取正之意。扬雄《反离骚》：“吾驰江潭之泛溢兮，将折衷乎重华。”

1. 取正，用爲判斷事物的准則。

2. 調節使適中。

3. 指調和不同意見或爭執。

中国人的性情是总喜欢调和，折中的。譬如你说，这屋子太暗，须在这里开一个窗，大家一定不允许的。如果你主张拆掉屋顶，他们就会来调和，愿意开窗了。没有激烈的主张，他们总连平和的改革也不肯行。（《三闲集·无声的中国》）

老先生们保存现状，连在黑屋子开一个窗也不肯，还有种种不可开的理由，但倘有人要来连屋顶也掀掉它，他这才魂飞魄散，设法调解，折中之后，许开一个窗，但总在伺机想把它塞起来。

ec.lec.tic [ɪk`lɛktɪk, ɛk-; eˈklektik, iˈk-]
《源自希腊文“选择”的意思》
形容词
1 选择的, 取舍的
2 折衷主义的, 折衷性的
(指经过一番取舍后取其有利者)

2
折衷(せつちゆう)主義の，折衷的な 《あれこれ取捨していい所を取ることにいう》.

せっちゅう‐がくは 【折衷学派】
解説・用例
〔名〕

(1)相反する両方の学説を折衷した学派。

＊哲学字彙〔１８８１〕「Eclecticism 折衷学派」

I Selecting; choosing; not confined to or following any one model or system, but selecting and appropriating whatever is considered best in all.

II  One who, in whatever department of knowledge, not being convinced of the fundamental principles of any existing system, culls from the teachings of different schools such doctrines as seem to him probably true, conformable to good sense, wholesome in practice, or recommended by other secondary considerations; one who holds that opposing schools are right in their distinctive doctrines, wrong only in their opposition to one another.

In philosophy the chief groups of eclectics have been-
(1)those ancient writers, from the first century before Christ, who, like Cicero, infiuenced by Platonic skepticism, held a composite doctrine of ethics, logic, cte., aggregated of Piatonist, Peripatetic, Stofc, and even Epicurean elements;
(2) writers in the seventeenth century who, like Leibnitz, mingled Aristotelian and Cartesian principles;
(3) writers in the eighteenth century who adopted in part the views of Leihnite, in part those of Locke;
(4) Schelling and others, who held beliefs derived from various idealistic, pautheistic, and mystical philosophers;
(5) the school of Cousin, who took a mean position between a philosophy of experience and one of absolute reason.

Specifically—
(a)A follower of the ancient eclectic philosophy.
(b)In the early church, a Christian who believed the doctrine of Plato to be conformable to the spirit of the gospel.
(c)In medicine, a practitioner of eclectic medicine, either ancient or modern; an eclectic physician.

eclecticism
philosophy and theology
(from Greek eklektikos, “selective”), in philosophy and theology, the practice of selecting doctrines from different systems of thought without adopting the whole parent system for each doctrine. It is distinct from syncretism—the attempt to reconcile or combine systems—inasmuch as it leaves the contradictions between them unresolved. In the sphere of abstract thought, eclecticism is open to the objection that insofar as each system is supposed to be a whole of which its various doctrines are integral parts, the arbitrary juxtaposition of doctrines from different systems risks a fundamental incoherence. In practical affairs, however, the eclectic spirit has much to commend it.
A philosopher, no less than a statesman, may be eclectic not on principle but because he perceives the intrinsic merit of doctrines that happen to have been advanced by opposite parties. This tendency is naturally most apt to manifest itself when established systems are losing their novelty or revealing their defects as changes of historical circumstance or scientific knowledge occur. From the beginning of the 2nd century BC, for instance, a number of philosophers professing to be attached to long-established schools—the Greek Academy, the peripatetics, or the stoics—were ready to adopt views from other schools; and Roman philosophers, in particular, to whom all Greek philosophies were enlightening, often avoided rigid partisan commitments, which even the Greeks themselves were abandoning. (Cicero was the eclectic par excellence.) It is clearly pointless to group the numerous ancient eclectics together as if they formed an eclectic school. In 19th-century France, however, Victor Cousin, a proponent of Scottish metaphysics, adopted the name éclectisme as a designation for his own philosophical system.

折衷主義是指在途徑或操作運用上，以不同的理論、方法、風格，揀選其中最佳要素，應用在新的創作中。在藝術或建築批評的特定脈絡場合，意指挪借多種視覺資源來創作新作品。

折衷主義建築，即現代和古典融合式的建築。如廣州東亞大酒店、 上海亞細亞大樓、上海揚子大樓、哈瓦那中央車站、國立臺灣大學校史館、臺北郵局、臺北公會堂、嘉義車站。

大辞海 V2
折中主义建筑
　　19世纪中叶至20世纪初在欧美盛行的建筑风格。始于18世纪末复古思潮的后期,故也是复古主义建筑现象之一。特点是从不同时期的历史中自由地选取建筑元素、样式或细部等进行设计,以获取功能上、象征意义上、美观方面和其他内涵的建筑效果。基于当时丰富的历史研究成果,是对历史样式的搬用与灵活组合,呈现建筑类型的复杂性必然带来设计的多选择性,也反映建筑在新的商品社会中的设计状况。19世纪巴黎美术学院是传播折中主义建筑的中心。20世纪初其创作方法仍保持影响,后逐渐被现代派建筑取代。