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本帖最后由 klwo2 于 2020-11-5 13:02 编辑
我想有的朋友跟我一样,不喜欢非常用义
如果只是生僻词嘛,直接上大词典就够了,一眼就能看到解释。熟词才叫烦死人,动不动要在 十几二十个 义项里面找「跟上下文匹配的那个」。
语文老师也许很喜欢讨论「名可名非常名」里头三个「名」的意思,一般人看见古书里头的「名」不是常用义,看《汉语大字典》将近20个义项就要吐血了。
我也知道,有不少同学,很希望有一本「囊括了常用义,新闻里面的意思都有」的词典,好背诵。
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别的不说,最近某国的election如火如荼,call 就不幸出了非常用义:
EXPLAINER: Why AP hasn’t called North Carolina
By BRIAN SLODYSKO
你看美联社多狠!这上下文几乎等于0。
On Fox News, Chris Wallace tells viewers the WI pickup is key for 某人: “It’s real simple math now. Six votes in NV, 16 votes in MI, and he reaches precisely the magic number.” (Fox has called AZ for 某人.)
跑不掉了这。每条新闻都用。
The Associated Press has not declared a winner in North Carolina’s presidential contest because the race between 某甲 and 某乙 is too early to call.
能不能抄个近路,查「too early to call」呢?可惜不行。只能硬着头皮查call了。呕!!
先公布答案,call在这里的意思是「预测」。下面看一下,哪些词典能成功解决问题。
判断标准:
- 1. 收录了该意思,表达清晰无误
- 2. 释义或者例句中包含election,不会让人和其他干扰义项混淆 —— 这点太重要了,不然20几个义项你要看死我?我的青春损失费谁买单?
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1. bing词典 —— 没收这个意思,失败……美联社新闻靠bing词典是看不懂了。
2. 韦氏高阶,成功。
[+ object] : to give the order for (something, such as a meeting)召开;召集;下令举行
call an election
举行选举
The union has threatened to call a strike against the company.
工会威胁公司说要下令举行罢工。 [+ object] : to say or guess what the result of something will be推测;预测
Nobody else thought the election would turn out as it did, but he called [=predicted] it exactly right!
其他任何人都没有想到选举结果会是这样的,但他却预测得完全正确!
You called it! [=you correctly said what would happen]
你的预测真准!
call the toss of a coin
抛硬币猜测正反面
We flipped a coin; he called heads, and heads it was!
我们掷硬币,他猜是正面,结果真的是正面!
The election is still too close to call. [=the election is too close to say who will win]
选举双方旗鼓相当,很难预测谁将胜出。
有干扰义项,但是普通人仍能判断出「推测;预测」是适合上下文的正确意思。
3. 朗文当代5,失败。
call a meeting/strike/election etc
The Security Council has called an emergency session to discuss the crisis. 安理会召开了紧急会议,讨论这场危机。
The prime minister called an election. 首相召集大选。
只收了这个义项。
4. 新牛津,成功。
1.8
fix a date or time for (a meeting, strike, or election)
为(会议, 罢工, 选举)定时间。 1.11
predict the result of (a future event, especially an election or a vote)
预测(未来事件, 尤指选举或投票)的结果:
in the Midlands the race remains too close to call.
在英格兰中部地区, 竞选仍是势均力敌, 胜负难料。
有干扰义项,但是普通人仍能判断出「推测;预测」是适合上下文的正确意思。
5. 牛津高阶8、9没有收,但是牛津高阶10收了,呕……看得我头晕,不贴了。
这算什么,6年前出版的牛津高阶8再见吧~再见吧~再见吧~
2年前出版的牛津高阶9再见吧~再见吧~再见吧~
6. OED3。拿OED查常用词可不是什么好选择,贴出来是想说明两件事:
一、这个意思并不是新词新义,是1932年就有的
二、OED2里面没收这个意思,所以某些英汉词典栽了。后面还要说。
有个别词典收了「too close to call」,可惜人家美联社新闻说「too early to call」,呕呕呕……
7. 英汉大词典(第2版),新英汉词典,失败。
9. 下令举行(罢工等)
The union leader called a strike. 工会领袖下令举行罢工。
The prime minister called an election. 首相宣布举行大选。 19. 正确地预测(或猜测)到;预先指定
He has an awesome reputation for calling stock market turns. 他善于预测股票市场涨落的变化,极负盛名。
有干扰义项,也有接近的义项,可是该义项表达有误,「预先指定」不对,不能套用到上下文里面,例句里面没有election,一般人会错误排除该义项。
新英汉词典:
新英汉词典改了这个问题,可是释义例句里面没有election,失败。
8. 新时代英汉大词典,失败。
不知道是谁教出来的,美联社并不是掷硬币猜测结果的,谢谢。
9. 21世纪大英汉词典,失败。
14.(事前)正确地描述;预言;预测:
The stock market called every depression and recovery since 1930.
自从1930年以来,股票市场预示了每次的经济萧条和复元。
义项接近,但按我们的判断标准,释义、例句中均无election,算失败。
10. 韦氏大学、W3,失败。
c (1): to describe correctly in advance of or without knowledge of the event : predict
He called the upward trend of the stock market in February.
(2): to name or specify in advance
call the toss of a coin f. : to describe correctly in advance of or without knowledge of the event
< he called the upward trend of the market in February >
: name or describe in advance : predict, guess
< call the toss of a coin wrongly >
韦氏大学、W3有正确义项,但是释义、例句中均无election,算失败。韦氏大学、W3本来是给母语者用的,例句少很正常,这里按统一标准。
11. Concise Oxford English Dictionary XI,失败。
5 fix a date or time for (a meeting, strike, or election).
predict the outcome of (a future event).
有干扰义项,也有正确义项,一般人判断不出来。这是COD的特点导致的。
12. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary,成功。
24. to forecast correctly: He has called the outcome of the last three elections.
例句中有election,成功。
可惜汉译本《蓝登书屋韦氏英汉大学词典》是翻的大学版,没有例句,失败。
13. American Heritage Dictionary,成功。
15. To indicate or characterize accurately in advance; predict:
It is often difficult to call the outcome of an election.
例句中有election,成功。
14. 译文版牛津英汉双解词典,成功
新牛津成功了,这本自然也成功。
15. World Book Dictionary,失败
U.S. Informal. to declare or describe in advance; predict:
The stock market “called” every recession and recovery since 1948 (Time).
有正确义项,但是释义、例句中均无election,失败。现在大家应该知道为什么《英汉大词典》失败了,因为它重点参考的几本都碰巧失败。
16. 遠東英漢大辭典,失败
有正确义项,但是释义、例句中均无election,失败。远东的蓝本是World Book Dictionary
17. 新世纪英汉大词典、Collins,失败
26. (predict outcome)预测出(事件)的结果 to be too close to call[outcome, result +](竞争、选举等)胜负难料
有正确义项,但是释义、例句中均无election,失败。
收了be too close to call能不能加分呢?能,但是按统一标准仍然算失败。
新世纪英汉大词典的蓝本是Collins,Collins也是如此。
18. 三民新知英漢辭典,失败。没有收。
19. 麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典,成功。
9 I/T to say what you think will happen , for example in politics or business 预测(政治、商业形势等)
hard/difficult to call
The situation in the East is hard to call.
东部局势很难预测。
It’ s very difficult to call the market.
市场很难预测。
9a to say which side of a coin you think will be showing when it comes down after being tossed in the air 抛硬币时说出哪面朝上;猜硬币
call heads/tails
When Neil tossed the coin, she called heads and won.
尼尔扔硬币时,她猜正面,结果赢了。
释义例句里面没有出现election,可是出现了politics ,聪明的读者能判断出来。姑且算成功。
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