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发表于 2022-6-19 19:09:21
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本帖最后由 弹钢琴 于 2022-7-22 12:09 编辑
看来你不理解"不定式完成体"的用法。
牛津例句 He considers himself TO BE a great writer.
之所以用to be 而不是 to have been, 是因为“他”谈的是当前的状态, ”他认为自己(现在)是个好作家“，即不定式to be 和 谓语consider 发生的时间相同。
这句话当然可以写做 He considers himself TO HAVE BEEN a great writer. 但意思就变了，”他认为自己从前是个好作家"，用从句替换等于说 He considers that he WAS once a great writer.
举一实例，来自牛津高阶(say词条): He is said to have been a brilliant scholar. 这里用 to have been 就是为了表达在谓语said之前的状态。
另外一个例句，来自朗文：
The campaign was considered TO HAVE failed.
由于fail发生在consider之前，所以这里要用不定式的完成体。
再举一例，同样来自朗文：
I consider it a great honour to be invited.
这句话当然是正确的，但如果我改写一下呢?
我写为: I consider it a great honour to have been invited.
这句话语法还正确么？如果正确，区别又是什么呢？
实际上这两句话语法都正确，但意思却是不一样的，
to be invited这句的意思是，“我还没有被邀请，但是被邀请这件事，是种荣誉”
而to have been invited 这句话的意思是，“我已经被邀请了，我感到荣誉"
有时”中文翻译“会直接淡化掉英文原句的语意，从而“蒙混过关”。如上面这句话用中文翻译往往体会不出to be invited 和 to have been invited 的语义区别
回到主楼WIKI中的句子:
He is considered by some to be the greatest philosopher of the 20th century.
我还是认为应该用 to have been
类似的句子还有:
Bilāl ibn Rabāḥ, c. 580–640, was one of the most trusted and loyal Sahabah (companions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca and is considered to have been the first mu'azzin in history, chosen by Muhammad himself.
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发表于 2022-6-17 17:31:58
